Plastic (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) is now used as packaging material for a whole range of consumer products in addition to carbonated beverages. Although Plastics are very useful product, but the disposal of these Wastes has become a problem and is of great concern, particularly in our country. One of the solutions to the disposal of Plastic Wastes is recycling it into useful products such as it may be used in bituminous (asphaltic) pavements construction, resulting in reduced permanent deformation in the form of rutting of the pavement surface. The present study discusses in detail about the effect of PET on various engineering properties of bitumen. The PET Waste was added in the bitumen from 2 to 14% and various tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point, viscosity, flash and fire point and stripping tests were performed for the characterization of plain bitumen and PET modified bitumen. The most effective percentage of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste was obtained between 10 to 12% by weight of the bitumen. The results of the study indicated that the modified mixture possessed better performance as compared to the non-modified bitumen. The experimental results were also authenticated by conducting Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on the most effective percentages mixtures. It is observed that the addition of PET Waste in the bitumen improves its engineering properties such as ductility, penetration, softening point and viscosity values by 32.43%, 14.56%, 26%, and 34% respectively. It has also been observed that addition of 12% PET Waste results in zero percent stripping even after 48 hours.

A series of triaxial compression tests were performed in an attempt to evaluate the bene ts of Plastic Wastes and investigate the engineering properties of sand reinforced with such materials. In this research, the e ects of the contents (0, 0. 25, 0. 5, 0. 75, and 1% of the dry weight of sand) and types of Plastic Wastes (Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Poly-Propylene (PP)  bers) as well as the con ning pressures (50, 100, and 200 kPa) on the sand behavior in Babolsar, Iran were investigated. The values for deformation modulus (up to 84%), peak (up to 7 times of the unreinforced sand), and steady state shear strength increased upon reinforcement. Moreover, axial strain at failure for  ber-reinforced sand increased up to 1. 5 times its unreinforced counterpart (from 3. 36% to 8. 53% for 1% PP usage at con ning pressure of 50 kPa). Generally, it can be concluded that using Plastic Wastes in the sand would result in low-cost soil reinforcement and a reduction in the disposal problem of these kinds of Wastes.

Electronic Waste or Waste electronic and electrical equipment is an emerging issue posing serious pollution problems to the human and the environment. New effective Waste management options need to be considered especially on recycling concepts. This paper presents the results of an investigation to study the performance of concrete prepared with E-Plastic Waste as part of coarse aggregate. An effort has been made to detail a systematic study of compressive strength of concrete with various proportions of E-Waste as coarse aggregate in concrete. The test results showed that a significant improvement in compressive strength was achieved in the E-Plastic concrete compared to conventional concrete. The tests were also designed to evaluate the internal pore structure, its chemical resistance to environmental agents and reactivity with some components of the cement. The results indicated that the E-Plastic aggregate up to 15% weight of the coarse aggregate and replacement of cement with fly ash (10% by weight) can be used effectively in concrete and thus results in Waste reduction and resources conservation.

Environmental threats from the accumulation of Plastic trash are getting worse.  It is robust, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, affordable, and durable. Microorganisms play a significant role in protecting our environment by degrading Plastic Wastes that are harmful either naturally or by chemical modification.  The current study aims to investigate the biodegradation of synthetic polyethylene through the utilization of a laboratory bioreactor. Various types of additives were introduced to the soil samples before subjecting them to a 30-day UV treatment. The degradation of polyethylene was shown through a reduction in weight following a 24-week incubation period with certain bacterial strains. Experimental findings have revealed that models subjected to UV radiation exhibit the highest degree of vulnerability and degradation. Approximately 52% of polyethylene (PE) films underwent degradation when exposed to soil enhanced with peat moss. In contrast, only 40% and 45% of PE films were destroyed when subjected to garden soil that was untreated and treated with UV radiation, respectively. In contrast, the addition of husk resulted in a 48% to 53% reduction in weight for PE films that were buried for the same duration of the experiment.  The highest level of effectiveness was achieved by the disintegration of the Plastic material that was introduced into the soil along with organic fertilizers, resulting in a value of 56.60%. The weight loss outcomes have been substantiated by the utilization of the Atomic Force Electron Microscope (AFM) images, which exhibited the highest magnitude in the experimental model using soil supplemented with fertilizers.

Among the emerging environmental issues within Sub-Saharan Africa is the haphazard disposal of Plastic Waste, some of which end up downstream in the marine environment leading to negative effects. Notably there have been cases of humpback whales getting entangled in ‘ ghost’ fishing nets, and endangered turtles ingesting Plastic Wastes in Watamu beach in Kenya. The aim of the current study was to assess the composition and management of Plastic Waste discarded by households in Watamu ward. Stratified random sampling was used to collect data from households in four sub-locations within Watamu ward. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (the Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher’ s Exact test). The composition of Plastics usually discarded as Waste by households in order of dominance were low density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene and polypropylene (FH=37. 959, p = 0. 000). From the results, only 0. 7% of respondents recycled their Plastic Waste. The most preferred disposal method of household Plastic Waste was open dumpsites (61. 4%) followed by burning (12. 9%) and discards (6. 4%). Majority of respondents (93. 6%), re-use some Plastic containers for food, water, and oil storage. There was a significant difference in terms of how the respondents re-used their Plastic Waste in the four sub-locations (FH=36. 437, p=0. 005). In conclusion, the current Plastic Waste disposal methods at Watamu are not environmentally friendly and recycling is still at a smaller scale despite its potential to generate income and clean the environment, and promote ecosystem services and human wellbeing.